Perfiles de estilos de afrontamiento y relación con el rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios con discapacidad / Coping style profiles and relationship with academic performance of university students with disabilities

Este estudio identifica si existen perfiles de estilos de afrontamiento en función de las estrategias de afrontamiento más utilizadas en un grupo de estudiantes con discapacidad según el sexo, edad, tipología y etapa en la que se adquiere la discapacidad. Asimismo, examina si las puntuaciones medias en rendimiento académico varían en función de los perfiles de afrontamiento obtenidos. El “COPE, versión breve” fue administrado a una muestra de 153 estudiantes universitarios de 18 y 26 años (M= 24,69; DT= 5,02) con diferentes tipos de discapacidad (visual, auditiva, motora y cognitiva). Los resultados reflejaron un porcentaje más elevado de estudiantes con estilos de afrontamiento evitativo y basados en apoyo social, encontrándose este perfil, en mayor medida, entre estudiantes con discapacidad auditiva y cognitiva, que han adquirido esta discapacidad a lo largo de la vida. Con respecto al rendimiento académico se observó relación positiva con el estilo de afrontamiento activo. Los resultados enfatizan la necesidad de fomentar competencias de afrontamiento activo para potenciar el éxito académico de los estudiantes con discapacidad. (AU)

This study aims to identify the existence of profiles of coping styles based on the most used coping strategies in a group of students with disability, according to sex, age, type and stage in which the disability is acquired. Likewise, it is examined whether the average scores in academic performance vary according to the coping profiles obtained. The inventory Brief COPE was administered to a sample of 153 university students from 18- to 26-years old (M= 24.69, SD= 5.02), with different types of disability (visual, hearing, motor and cognitive). The results reflect a higher percentage of students with avoidant and social support-based coping styles, finding this profile to a greater extent among students with auditory and cognitive functional diversity, who have acquired this disability throughout life. Regarding academic performance, a positive relationship was expressed with the active coping style. The results emphasize the need to promote active coping skills to enhance the academic success of students with disability. (AU)

Mindfulness-based psychotherapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analytical Study

Background/Objective: Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disorder of special relevance in mental health, however, not all patients respond adequately to traditional intervention systems. The present work aims to study the usefulness of mindfulness-based interventions in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Method: An exhaustive search of the literature between 1996 and 2021 allowed us to locate 11 published articles. The effect size was the pretest-posttest standardized mean change calculated for obsession-compulsion, as well as depression symptoms and conscious coping. Results: he results showed mean effect sizes for mindfulness in the reduction of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (d + = 0.648) and, to a lesser extent, depression (d + = 0.417) and the improvement in Mindfull coping (d + = 0.509). There was no significant decrease in effect size when mindfulness was applied in patients with residual symptoms from previous treatments. Conclusions: These results are promising regarding the usefulness of the application of intervention programs based on mindfulness in people with obsessive compulsive disorder, both as an alternative option and as a complementary treatment to more traditional intervention formats. (AU)

Mindfulness-based psychotherapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analytical Study.

Background/Objective: Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disorder of special relevance in mental health, however, not all patients respond adequately to traditional intervention systems. The present work aims to study the usefulness of mindfulness-based interventions in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Method: An exhaustive search of the literature between 1996 and 2021 allowed us to locate 11 published articles. The effect size was the pretest-posttest standardized mean change calculated for obsession-compulsion, as well as depression symptoms and conscious coping. Results: he results showed mean effect sizes for mindfulness in the reduction of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (d + = 0.648) and, to a lesser extent, depression (d + = 0.417) and the improvement in Mindfull coping (d + = 0.509). There was no significant decrease in effect size when mindfulness was applied in patients with residual symptoms from previous treatments. Conclusions: These results are promising regarding the usefulness of the application of intervention programs based on mindfulness in people with obsessive compulsive disorder, both as an alternative option and as a complementary treatment to more traditional intervention formats.

Exploring the Psychometric Properties of the Questionnaire on Family Members Adapting to an Older Adult's Admission to a Nursing Home (CAFIAR-15) in a Colombian Sample.

Institutionalization to a nursing home can be one of the most significant and traumatic events in a senior's life, and for their family. For this reason, it is especially important to have validated instruments that evaluate the family member's adaptation to admitting the senior to a nursing home. The study included 139 family members recruited equally in two types of institutions (low-income nursing home (LINH) vs. high-income nursing home (HINH)). A sociodemographic questionnaire with questions to study antecedents and conditions for care and the Questionnaire for Admitting an Older Adult to a Nursing Home (CAFIAR-15) were used. Examining the communalities indicated that four of the five items in factor 3 presented communalities lower than 0.30 and differences in the factorial structure of the CAFIAR-15 were found. There were differences in the antecedents and conditions for care between the relatives of the older adults at LINH and HINH. Cultural differences and differences between LINH and HINH may be the basis for flaws in the conceptual validity of the CAFIAR-15 in the Colombian sample.

Propiedades psicométricas de un cuestionario para la evaluación de la ansiedad ante los exámenes en adolescentes / Psychometric properties of a questionnaire for the assessment of test anxiety in adolescents

La ansiedad ante los exámenes es un problema que afecta a los estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato. El objetivo del presente estudio fue adaptar el "Cuestionario de ansiedad ante los exámenes" (CAEX) al alumnado de ESO y Bachillerato. Se evaluó a un total de 1181 estudiantes de ESO y Bachillerato (51,8% chicas; M= 14,7; DT= 1,8), procedentes de centros públicos de la Región de Murcia. Se identificaron tres factores: Ansiedad fisiológica, Comportamiento de evitación y Respuesta cognitiva ansiosa ante los exámenes, que explicaron un 53% de la varianza total. El nivel de consistencia interna de las puntuaciones en las subescalas y del total fue de 0,90, 0,49, 0,90 y 0,94, respectivamente. El coeficiente Omega fue de 0,85 o superior en todas las subescalas. La fiabilidad test-retest varió entre 0,50 y 0,87. Además, la validez convergente y discriminante de la escala CAEX-A fue adecuada. El CAEX-A presenta propiedades psicométricas apropiadas y puede emplearse para la evaluación psicológica de la ansiedad ante los exámenes en alumnos entre los 12 y 18 años

Test anxiety is a problem that affects students in Compulsory Secondary Education and Baccalaureate. The objective of the present study was to adapt the "Test Anxiety Questionnaire for (CAEX)" to Spanish students in Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) and Baccalaureate. A total of 1,181students (51.8% females, M= 14.7, SD= 1.8), from public High Schools in the Region of Murcia were evaluated. Three factors were identified: Physiological anxiety, Avoidance behavior and Cognitive response to exams, which explained 53% of the total variance. The level of internal consistency on the subscales and of the total was .90, .49 and .94, respectively. The Omega coefficient was .85 or higher on every subscale. Also, Test-retest reliability ranged from .52 to .87. Furthermore, the convergent and discriminant validity of the CAEX-A was adequate. The CAEX-A has appropriated psychometric properties and can be used for the psychological assessment of test anxiety in Spanish students from 12 to 18 years of age

Emotional Intelligence Profiles of University Students with Motor Disabilities: Differential Analysis of Self-Concept Dimensions.

Background: This study compares the self-concept of students that have motor disabilities with that of students in the normative group. It also considers whether there are EI (emotional intelligence) profiles based on combinations of EI components (attention, clarity, and mood repair). Finally, it analyzes whether there are statistically significant differences in self-concept based on the EI profiles found. Method: 102 university students with motor disabilities participated. The age range was 19-33 (M = 20.22, SD = 4.36). The Escala de Autoconcepto Forma 5 (Self-Concept Scale Form 5, AF5) and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) were administered. Results: The scores for self-concept were lower in the sample of students with reduced mobility. The cluster analysis also identified three different EI profiles: one group of young people with high general EI scores, one group with high scores for clarity and mood repair, and a last group of students with low EI scores. Finally, the ANOVA showed better self-concept in the group with high scores in the three EI dimensions. The results suggest that better self-concept is associated with a high EI profile. Conclusions: It would be interesting to provide programs that consider EI in more depth to strengthen these students' self-concept.

Spanish adaptation and psychometric properties of the child version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for children (CERQ-k) is a useful clinical and research tool to identify cognitive patterns of emotion regulation that predict the presence of emotional symptomatology. This study aimed to validate the Spanish version of the CERQ-k (the CERQ-Sk) using a sample of children from Spain, which is not available. METHODS: The sample consisted of 582 children (48.6% girls) aged between 7 and 12 years (Mage = 9.49; SD = 1.2) recruited from Alicante, Spain. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies, anxiety and depressive symptomatology were self-reported evaluated. Factor structure, internal consistency, temporal stability with the Spanish version for children were examined. Convergent validity was evaluated using Spearman correlations to examine the relationships between the CERQ-k and measures of anxiety (trait anxiety subscale of STAI-C) and depression (CDI). RESULTS: The Spanish version of CERQ-Sk had the same nine factors proposed in the original version. Ordinal alpha of the total scale was excellent (.88), and moderate indexes were found for each subscale (.56 to .75). The 8-week test-retest coefficient was adequate for the total scale (ICC = .74) and moderate for the subscales (.54 to .70). Evidence of convergent validity was provided through correlations with the CDI (depression) and trait anxiety subscale of the STAI-C (anxiety). Cognitive strategies such as Rumination, self-blame, catastrophizing, and other-blame were significantly and positively related to depressive and anxiety symptoms. Moreover, positive refocusing and planning seemed to act as strategies that have a positive effect on the prevention of depression in children. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that the CERQ-Sk is a reliable and valid tool that can be useful for researchers and clinicians to identify maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation patterns that may increase the risk of emotional problems, and orient treatment and prevention of mental health problems in children from Spanish-speaking countries.

Eficacia de la actuación de los payasos sobre el miedo a procedimientos dolorosos en oncohematología pediátrica / Evaluation of quality of volunteer service in oncology: levels of satisfaction of cancer patients and their families

Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia de la actuación de una pareja de Payasos de hospital sobre la respuesta de miedo en pacientes de la Unidad de Oncohematología antes de la aplicación de un procedimiento médico doloroso (punción lumbar o el aspirado medular). Pacientes y método: 30 niños de 3 a 11 años de edad (M=6,93, DT=2,78) sometidos a punción lumbar o aspirado de médula ósea en el hospital «Virgen de la Arrixaca». La evaluación consistió en la administración de: Escala facial de 5 caras, escala de observación «modified-Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale» (m-YPAS) y medidas fisiológicas de pulso y tensión arterial media. Resultados: En el análisis intersujetos, se obtuvo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en todas las medidas, a excepción de la escala de caras, tras la actuación de los payasos de hospital. Tras la marcha de los payasos de hospital los grupos se igualaron en las puntuaciones. En el análisis intrasujetos se alcanzaron diferencias significativas entre el pretest y el postest para el grupo control en todas las medidas. El análisis del tamaño del efecto indica valores en la escala de caras se obtiene un valor d= 0,22 (magnitud pequeña), y magnitudes altas para el pulso (d=1,02), la tensión arterial media (d= 1,20), y la escala m-YPAS (d=0,99), antes de la administración del procedimiento doloroso. Conclusiones: La presencia de los payasos favorece la disminución del miedo a la aplicación de los procedimientos dolorosos. Este efecto es de corto plazo, pues tras su marcha desaparecen las diferencias entre los grupos

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of the performance of a couple of hospital clowns on the fear response in patients in Oncohematology unit before applying a painful medical procedure (lumbar puncture or bone marrow aspiration). Patients and methods: 30 children aged 3-11 years-old (M = 6.93, SD = 2.78) underwent lumbar puncture or bone marrow aspirate in the «Virgen de la Arrixaca» Hospital. The assessment consisted of the administration of: 5-Facial scale, the observation scale «modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale» (m-YPAS), and physiological measures of pulse and mean blood pressure. Results: In the between-subjects-analysis, statistically significant differences in all measures, except for the scale of faces, after the performance of hospital clowns was obtained. After the hospital clowns left, groups were matched on their scores. In the within-subject analysis, significant differences between pretest and posttest were achieved in all measures for the control group. The effect size analysis indicates values on the Facial scale d = 0.22 (small effect size) and large effect size for pulse (d = 1.02), mean arterial pressure (d = 1.20), and the m-YPAS scale (d=0.99), before application of painful medical procedure. Conclusions: The presence of clowns helps to reduce the fear in the application of painful procedures. However, this effect is short-term, because after hospital clown leaves differences disappear between groups

Implicaciones de la edad y el país de pertenencia en la relación entre apoyo emocional percibido y depresión: un estudio transcultural / Implications of age and country of membership in the relationship between perceived emotional support and depression: a cross-cultural study

En el presente trabajo nos proponemos profundizar en el estudio de las implicaciones que la edad y los factores de tipo cultural asociados a la nacionalidad, puedan presentar respecto a la relación entre apoyo social y depresión. Con este objetivo, se ha entrevistado a una muestra total de 1503 personas de edad adulta (jóvenes, adultos y personas de edad avanzada) pertenecientes a España, Cuba y México. Para la evaluación de la depresión, se ha empleado el cuestionario CES-D, mientras que para la evaluación del apoyo emocional percibido y la satisfacción con el mismo, se aplicó un modelo estructurado de autoinforme elaborado por nosotros en el que se recoge la percepción de disponibilidad de apoyo emocional en diferentes fuentes (pareja, familiares, amigos, compañeros, vecinos) y la satisfacción con el mismo. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la relación obtenida entre apoyo emocional percibido según distintas fuentes y los valores en sintomatología depresiva está sujeta a variaciones en función de las influencias culturales asociadas al país de pertenencia de los sujetos entrevistados, y a su edad, así como a la interacción entre ambas variables

The purpose of this study has been to analyze the implications that the age and the cultural factors associated with the nationality, to submit to the relationship between social support and depression. With this goal, has interviewed a total sample of 1503 persons of adult age (young people, adults and elderly) belonging to Spain, Cuba and Mexico. For the evaluation of the depression, has been used the questionnaire CES-D, while for the assessment of emotional support perceived and satisfaction with the same we applied a formal model of self-evaluation report prepared by us which gathers the perception of availability of emotional support from various sources (partner, family members, friends, colleagues, neighbors) and their satisfaction with the same. The results obtained indicate that the relationship obtained between emotional support according to different sources and values in depressive symptomatology is subject to changes depending on the cultural influences associated to the country of origin of those interviewed, and his age, as well as the interaction between both variables

Repercusión del envejecimiento sobre la conducción: declive y estrategias compensatorias / Impact of ageing on driving: decline and compensatory strategies

Introducción: La conducción de vehículos por personas mayores es una realidad creciente y una de las actividades que ayuda a mantener la sensación de autonomía personal. Sin embargo, la calidad de la conducción puede verse afectada por el envejecimiento. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio es comparar la percepción de un grupo de conductores sobre los cambios asociados a la edad y los ajustes utilizados en la conducción en función de la edad. Material y método: Se reclutó una muestra de 312 conductores de 20 a 80 años de edad procedentes de centros de reconocimiento médico para la renovación del carné de conducir, así como de centros de recuperación de puntos. A los participantes se les administró un cuestionario sobre características de la conducción y el cuestionario de adaptación a la conducción. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas tanto en los declives percibidos como en los ajustes compensatorios, observándose que los conductores mayores de 65 años indicaron medias más elevadas que el resto de rangos de edad. El grupo de 70 a 80 años es el que usa estrategias compensatorias: «no conducir si llueve», «evitar adelantar», «no conducir de noche», «conducir solo por determinadas zonas» o «aparcar en línea». Conclusiones: Dado que la edad influye en la conducción de vehículos, los mayores usan estrategias de compensación para aminorar el impacto que el envejecimiento provoca sobre esta habilidad (AU)

Introduction: Driving by the elderly is a growing reality, and an activity that helps to maintain a sense of personal freedom. But the driving quality can be affected by aging. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare the perception of a group of drivers on the age-related changes and the adjustments made in the driving depending on age. Material and methods: A sample of 312 drivers from 20 to 80 years-old were recruited from medical centers for renewal of driving license, as well as in license points recovery centers. The participants were given a questionnaire on driving characteristics and questionnaire on driving adjustments. Results: There were statistically significant differences in both the perceived decline and in compensatory adjustments, noting that drivers age 65 years and older scored higher means than others. The group from 70 to 80-years-old used compensatory strategies: 'Do not drive if it rains' 'avoid overtaking', 'Do not drive at night,' 'only drive in certain areas' or 'park in a line'. Conclusions: Since age influences driving, the greater use compensatory strategies lessens the impact that aging has on this skill (AU)

[Impact of ageing on driving: decline and compensatory strategies]. / Repercusión del envejecimiento sobre la conducción: declive y estrategias compensatorias.

INTRODUCTION: Driving by the elderly is a growing reality, and an activity that helps to maintain a sense of personal freedom. But the driving quality can be affected by aging. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare the perception of a group of drivers on the age-related changes and the adjustments made in the driving depending on age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of 312 drivers from 20 to 80 years-old were recruited from medical centers for renewal of driving license, as well as in license points recovery centers. The participants were given a questionnaire on driving characteristics and questionnaire on driving adjustments. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in both the perceived decline and in compensatory adjustments, noting that drivers age 65 years and older scored higher means than others. The group from 70 to 80-years-old used compensatory strategies: "Do not drive if it rains" "avoid overtaking", "Do not drive at night," "only drive in certain areas" or "park in a line". CONCLUSIONS: Since age influences driving, the greater use compensatory strategies lessens the impact that aging has on this skill.

Identification of degrees of anxiety in children with three- and five-face facial scales / Identificación de grados de ansiedad en niños con escalas faciales de tres y cinco caras

Background: Facial scales are used in the assessment of emotional states. The scales present different numbers of faces to measure the varying levels f intensity of children’s emotional responses. This paper seeks to analyze the whether the subjects are able to match the appropriate descriptors of a degree of anxiety with the corresponding facial image. Method: A sample of 463 children aged 6 to 12 years was taken from the Autonomous Communities of Murcia and the Balearics. Results: Significant differences were obtained among the six-year-olds, M = 2.58 (SD = 0. 85), in the three face scale and M = 2.98 (SD = 1.52) in the five-face scale. From 7 years on, there were no significant differences in the number of correct responses between the two scales. In general, girls scored higher than boys on both the three-face scale (M = 2.89, SD = 0.50 vs. M = 2.75, SD = 0.70) and the five face scale (M = 4.08, SD = 1.41 vs. M = 3.76, SD = 1.56). Conclusion: The three-face scale is more appropriate for the correct matching of descriptors to different degrees of anxiety for children aged 6 to 12 years, whereas the five-face scale is more suited to children over 6 years (AU)

Antecedentes: las escalas faciales son utilizadas para la evaluación de los estados emocionales. Estas escalas presentan un número diferente de caras para medir diferentes niveles de intensidad de la respuesta emocional infantil. El propósito del presente estudio es conocer si los participantes son capaces de hacer coincidir los descriptores vinculados al grado de ansiedad con su correspondiente imagen facial. Método: se reclutó una muestra de 463 niños y niñas de 6 a 12 años de edad procedentes de las comunidades de Murcia e Islas Baleares. Resultados: se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en los participantes de seis años con M= 2.58 (DT= .85) en la escala de tres caras y M= 2.98 (DT= 1.52) en la escala de cinco caras. A partir de los siete años no hay diferencias significativas en los aciertos si utilizan la escala de tres o la de cinco caras.En general, las niñas tienen un mayor acierto que los niños en la escala de tres caras (M= 2.89, DT= .50 y M= 2.75, DT= .70) y en la de cinco (M= 4.08, DT= 1.41 y M= .76, DT= 1.56). Conclusiones: la escala de tres caras es más apropiada para discriminar correctamente descriptores vinculados a diferentes grados de ansiedad por niños de 6 a 12 años, mientras que la escala de cinco caras para niños mayores de seis años (AU)

Identification of degrees of anxiety in children with three- and five-face facial scales.

BACKGROUND: Facial scales are used in the assessment of emotional states. The scales present different numbers of faces to measure the varying levels of intensity of children's emotional responses. This paper seeks to analyze the whether the subjects are able to match the appropriate descriptors of a degree of anxiety with the corresponding facial image. METHOD: A sample of 463 children aged 6 to 12 years was taken from the Autonomous Communities of Murcia and the Balearics. RESULTS: Significant differences were obtained among the six-year-olds, M = 2.58 ( SD = 0. 85), in the three-face scale and M = 2.98 ( SD = 1.52) in the five-face scale. From 7 years on, there were no significant differences in the number of correct responses between the two scales. In general, girls scored higher than boys on both the three-face scale ( M = 2.89, SD = 0.50 vs. M = 2.75, SD = 0.70) and the five-face scale ( M = 4.08, SD = 1.41 vs. M = 3.76, SD = 1.56). CONCLUSION: The three-face scale is more appropriate for the correct matching of descriptors to different degrees of anxiety for children aged 6 to 12 years, whereas the five-face scale is more suited to children over 6 years.

Utilidad del Inventario de Depresión Rasgo-Estado (IDERE) para el diagnóstico clínico. Un estudio con muestras de cuatro países iberoamericanos / Usefulness of the State-Trait Depression Inventory (IDERE) for clinical diagnosis. A study containing samples from four Iberian-American nations

El Inventario de Depresión Rasgo-Estado (IDERE) fue diseñado para evaluar la depresión como estado y como rasgo. Este trabajo se propuso estudiar su utilidad para identificar casos en los que se estima depresión clínica de acuerdo a los criterios del DSM-IV. La muestra estuvo constituida por 1984 sujetos de cuatro países: 503 españoles, 330 cubanos, 477 colombianos y 674 mexicanos. Se utilizó la Escala del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos de la Depresión (CES-D) para estudiar la validez concurrente y el Inventario de Síntomas Depresivos de Riquelme para identificar casos que cumplieran criterios del DSM-IV para diagnóstico de un episodio depresivo. El análisis de las curvas ROC por grupos edades y géneros, así como para Cuba, México y España, mostró que ambas subescalas tenían buena precisión, sin embargo para la muestra colombiana ninguna de las subescalas obtuvo resultados aceptables. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en puntuaciones del IDERE atribuibles a sexo, país, edad; y a la interacción entre estas variables. Ambas subescalas obtuvieron correlaciones significativas y positivas con el CES-D. Los resultados hablan a favor de la validez de criterio y convergente del IDERE y de su valor para la identificación de personas con posible depresión en países iberoamericanos (AU)

State-Trait Depression Inventory (IDERE) is a self-evaluating inventory designed to evaluate depression as a state and as a trait. This work set a goal to study its usefulness to identify cases in which clinical depression -based on the DSM-IV criteria- are estimated. The sample was made up of 1984 individuals from four countries: 503 Spaniards, 330 Cu-bans, 477 Colombians and 674 Mexicans. The Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies on Depression (CES-D) was used in an effort to assess the concurrent validity and the Riquelme Inventory of Depressive Symptoms to pinpoint cases that comply with the DSM-VI criteria for the diagnosis of a depressive episode. The analysis of the ROC curves by age and gender groups, as well as for Cuba, Mexico and Spain, showed good accuracy rate in both scales. However, for the Colombian sample none of the subscales yielded acceptable outcomes. Significant differences were found in terms of gender, country, age and the interaction among these variables. Both subscales produced significant and positive correlations with CES-D. The results speak in favor of the validity of criteria and convergence with IDERE, as well as its value for the identification of people suffering from possible depression in Hispanic American countries (AU)